Glossary: Integrative Medicine and Nutrition
Anti-Inflammatory
An agent that regulates a proper inflammatory response in the body. It is also taken to reduce pain, heat and other symptoms of inflammation. Common anti-inflammatory herbs include Boswellia (Boswellia spp.), Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and White Willow Bark (Salix alba L.).
Anti-Inflammatory Diet
A diet with a reduced intake of inflammatory foods such as wheat, corn, soy, dairy, nightshade vegetables, sugar, margarine, partially hydrogenated oils, alcohol, and peanuts. Consists of 40-50% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 20-30% protein.
Anxiolytic
Reduces or prevents anxiety.
Aphrodisiac
Herbs that enhance the capacity for sexual arousal. Common aphrodisiac herbs include Chocolate (Theobromaย cacaoย L.), Cordyceps (Cordycepsย spp.), Damiana (Turneraย diffusaย Willd. ex Schult.), Maca (Lepidium meyeniiย Walp.) and Yohimbe (Pausinystalia johimbeย (K.Schum.) Pierre ex Beille).
APOE (apolipoprotein E)
There are three types of the APOE gene, called alleles: APOE2, E3 and E4. The allele 4 increases risk of developingย Alzheimer'sย dementia and heart disease. A simple salivary test can identifyย the gene status and nutritional, herbal and exercise interventions can be used to reduce risk.
Atheist
A person who does not believe in the existence of a god or gods.
Atkins Diet
A low-carbohydrate, high protein (carnivore) diet. Often used for weight loss and is effective for eliminating carbohydrate cravings.
Attributional Theory (of Learned Helplessness)
A theory that helplessness cannot be caused simply by being exposed to an uncontrollable event; rather, learned helplessness results from the expectation of uncontrollability of future outcomes.
Autonomic Hyperarousal
A symptom of PTSD characterized by extreme arousal of the autonomic nervous system, with symptoms including increased heart and respiratory rates, heart palpitations, flashbacks, and hypervigilance.
Autonomic Nervous System
Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the basic regulatory systems of hunger, thirst, sex, temperature, heart rate, urination, and blood pressure.
Ayurveda
A traditional Indian medicine modality, also considered a complementary and alternative medicine modality, with an emphasis on the balance of the body, mind, and soul through diet and lifestyle.
Ayurvedic Diet
Vegetarian diets based on the ancient Indian system of medicine known as Ayurveda. Diets are determined according to oneโs โdosha,โ or pre-dominant constitution, of which there are three: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, corresponding to the elements of air, fire, and water/earth. Specific diets bring balance to these constitutional types.
Beta-Endorphins
Endorphins secreted by the pituitary gland that reduce pain.
Bioelectromagnetics
The study of how electromagnetic fields interact with and influence biological entities.
Biofeedback
A mechanism and a method for training a person to influence physiological responses that are not under voluntary control or that are ordinarily regulated but for which regulation has broken down due to trauma or disease.