Glossary: Nutrition Essentials for Mental Health

A condition of excessive bacteria proliferation in the small intestine, disrupting normal digestion and nutrient absorption. This overgrowth can cause bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malabsorption of nutrients. SIBO is often diagnosed through breath tests that measure hydrogen and methane levels, and treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics or antimicrobial herbs, dietary changes, and strategies to restore healthy gut flora.

A dietary pattern prevalent in the United States of eating high amounts of processed foods, sugars, refined grains, and unhealthy fats, while being low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Fast food, sugary beverages, and high-fat dairy products are typical examples of SAD foods. The SAD is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome due to its imbalance of nutrients and high caloric content. 

A class of medications used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a key role in the production of cholesterol in the liver. They help reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes by decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and improving overall lipid profiles. Statins are generally well-tolerated, but potential side effects can include muscle pain, liver enzyme abnormalities, digestive issues, and nutrient deficits.

Sulfur-based compounds used as preservatives in food and beverages to prevent spoilage and maintain freshness. They are found in dried fruits, wines, and some processed foods. Individuals with sulfite sensitivities or allergies may experience adverse reactions.

A division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the body's “fight or flight” response to stress or danger. It increases heart rate, elevates blood pressure, and heightens alertness to prepare the body for rapid action. The SNS works in concert with the parasympathetic nervous system, which helps the body return to a state of rest and recovery after the stressor has passed.

The gradual reduction of a medication to minimize withdrawal symptoms or avoid potential adverse effects or withdrawal symptoms

Repetitive DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from degradation and prevent them from sticking together. They are involved in cellular aging and stability by safeguarding the genetic information during cell division. Each time a cell divides, telomeres shorten, leading to cellular aging and limiting the number of times a cell can divide.

A dietary approach designed to reduce symptoms of hyperactivity and behavioral issues, particularly in children, by eliminating artificial additives, colors, and preservatives from the diet. Developed by Dr. Benjamin Feingold in the 1970s, the diet focuses on whole, natural foods and aims to address food sensitivities and allergic reactions that may contribute to behavioral problems. 

A diagnostic tool developed in the Netherlands that assesses the severity of symptoms related to hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) and other related conditions. It consists of a series of questions designed to evaluate the frequency and intensity of symptoms such as dizziness, shortness of breath, and palpitations, commonly associated with hyperventilation and anxiety disorders. The results help clinicians identify patients who may benefit from further evaluation and treatment for hyperventilation syndrome and related disorders.

A diagnostic test that measures the concentrations of minerals in tissue samples, such as hair or nails. This analysis helps assess the body's mineral status, detect imbalances or toxic element

A measure of the combined levels of cholesterol in the blood, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). High total cholesterol levels can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Regular monitoring helps assess overall lipid levels and guide dietary and lifestyle changes to manage heart health.

Essential nutrients required by the body in very small amounts to maintain health and support enzyme function, immune response, and hormone production. These minerals include iron, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, iodine, and molybdenum, among others. Deficiencies or imbalances in trace minerals can lead to various health issues, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet and/or supplementation to ensure adequate intake.

A type of unsaturated fat that has been chemically altered through a process called hydrogenation to become more solid at room temperature. They are found in partially hydrogenated oils used in processed foods to improve texture and extend shelf life. Trans fats are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, as they can raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and lower HDL (good) cholesterol levels in the blood. As a result they should be minimized or avoided in the diet.

A type of fat found in the blood that the body uses for energy. They are formed from the excess calories we consume and are stored in fat cells. High levels of triglycerides can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, especially when combined with high cholesterol or obesity. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can help manage and lower triglyceride levels.

A nerve in the parasympathetic nervous system which helps regulate heart rate, digestive processes, and respiratory rate. It extends from the brainstem through the neck and chest down to the abdomen. The vagus nerve helps promote relaxation, reduce stress, and maintain overall homeostasis by counteracting the “fight or flight” responses of the sympathetic nervous system.