Glossary: Nutrition Essentials for Mental Health

Oligoantigenic Diet

A restrictive diet designed to identify and eliminate specific food antigens that may be causing allergic or intolerant reactions. 

Omega-3 (Linolenic Acid)

An essential fatty acid known as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) that plays a role in reducing inflammation and supporting heart health. ALA can be converted into other forms of omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA. Including ALA-rich foods in the diet, such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts, contributes to overall cardiovascular health and helps maintain balanced lipid levels.

Omega-6 (Linoleic Acid)

An essential fatty acid that helps maintain cell membrane structure and function. It serves as a precursor to other important bioactive compounds, including arachidonic acid, which is involved in inflammation and immune responses. Omega-6 is found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. Excessive intake of omega-6 relative to omega-3 fatty acids can promote inflammation and contribute to chronic diseases, so balancing these two EFAs is important for maintaining optimal health and reducing inflammation. 

Orthorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an fixation on eating only foods that are considered healthy or pure, often to the exclusion of a balanced diet. It may include self-abnegation and take the form of increased dietary restrictions, fasting, and exercise. Health may suffer if orthorexia becomes severe and as foods become so restricted that calories and the variety of nutrients are reduced. Strict dietary rules and restrictions, or avoiding foods deemed unhealthy or contaminated, can lead to nutritional deficiencies and social isolation. This condition requires a multidisciplinary approach for treatment, including psychological counseling and nutritional guidance.

Oxidation / Oxidative Stress

A chemical reaction where a substance loses electrons, resulting in the formation of oxidized products. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals and the body's ability to neutralize or repair the damage they cause. This imbalance can lead to cellular and tissue damage, contributing to inflammation, aging, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxidants help to mitigate oxidative stress by neutralizing ROS and protecting cells from damage. 

Oxytocin

A hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, which plays an important role in childbirth, lactation, and social bonding. Oxytocin is also known as the “love hormone” or “bonding hormone” for its involvement in fostering emotional connections, trust, and social interactions, as well as reducing stress and promoting emotional well-being.