Glossary: Nutrition Essentials for Mental Health

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

A steroid hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands and the gonads. It is a precursor to sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone. DHEA levels typically peak in early adulthood and decline with age. It has been studied for its potential effects on aging, mood, and cognitive function.

Deprescribing

The systematic collaborative process of reducing or withdrawing from medications, aimed at optimizing medication therapy, minimizing potential side effects, and improving overall patient health and quality of life. Deprescribing is particularly important for children and adolescents due to the risk to health and limited evidence for the use of drugs in children, and it is also essential in older adults due to the increased risk of adverse effects and drug interactions associated with polypharmacy.

Detoxification

The process of removing or neutralizing toxins from the body, which can be achieved through various biological, chemical, or lifestyle methods. Detoxification primarily occurs in the liver, where enzymes break down harmful substances into less toxic forms for excretion. Also called Biotransformation, detoxification can also involve dietary and lifestyle changes, such as increased hydration, balanced nutrition, and avoiding substances that contribute to toxin buildup. 

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet

A dietary plan designed to help prevent and manage high blood pressure (hypertension), emphasizing the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy, while reducing intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium. Foods rich in potassium, calcium, and magnesium are encouraged for their benefits for cardiovascular health. By focusing on nutrient-dense foods and limiting processed foods, the DASH diet aims to improve overall heart health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)

An omega-3 fatty acid crucial for brain health, eye function, overall cell membrane integrity, and contributing to cognitive development and visual acuity. DHA is found in high concentrations in fatty fish like salmon and mackerel, and in supplements and fortified foods to support cardiovascular and neurological health.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter that plays a key role in the brain's reward and pleasure systems, regulating movement and emotional responses, and in various functions such as motivation, reinforcement learning, and mood regulation. Imbalances in dopamine levels are linked to several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and addiction.