Glossary: Nutrition Essentials for Mental Health

Inflammation

A biological response of the body's immune system to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It involves a complex cascade of events aimed at removing the offending agent and initiating repair. Inflammation can be acute, providing a rapid and short-term response, or chronic, where it persists over a longer period and can contribute to various diseases such as arthritis, heart disease, and diabetes.

Intermittent Fasting

A dietary approach of alternating periods of eating and fasting, such as time-restricted eating (e.g., eating within an 8-hour window and fasting for the remaining 16 hours) and alternate-day fasting. This approach is believed to support improved metabolic health, weight management, and potentially enhanced longevity. 

Intestinal or “Gut” Permeability

The ability of the intestinal lining to control the passage of substances between the gut and the bloodstream. Increased permeability, or "leaky gut," occurs when the barrier is compromised and harmful molecules enter the bloodstream, triggering inflammation and leading to various health issues, including inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune disorders, and systemic inflammation.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits, including diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), or a mix of both (IBS-M). The exact cause of IBS is thought to involve gut-brain axis dysregulation, changes in gut microbiota, and increased intestinal sensitivity. Management typically includes dietary changes, stress management, and medication to alleviate symptoms.